Conversations about science, technology, history, philosophy and the nature of intelligence, consciousness, love, and power. Lex is an AI researcher at MIT and ...
#456 – Volodymyr Zelenskyy: Ukraine, War, Peace, Putin, Trump, NATO, and Freedom
Volodymyr Zelenskyy is the President of Ukraine. On YouTube this episode is available in English, Ukrainian, and Russian. Captions and voice-over audio tracks are provided in English, Ukrainian, Russian, and the original mixed-language version, with subtitles available in your preferred language. To listen to the original mixed language version, please select the English (UK) audio track audio track. The default is English overdub.
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Transcript:
https://lexfridman.com/volodymyr-zelenskyy-transcript
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President Zelenskyy's X: https://x.com/ZelenskyyUa
President Zelenskyy's Instagram: https://instagram.com/zelenskyy_official
President Zelenskyy's Website: https://www.president.gov.ua/
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) - Introduction
(20:17) - Language
(30:06) - World War II
(46:54) - Invasion on Feb 24, 2022
(53:30) - Negotiating Peace
(1:13:47) - NATO and security guarantees
(1:26:39) - Sitting down with Putin and Trump
(1:46:09) - Compromise and leverage
(1:51:38) - Putin and Russia
(2:01:30) - Donald Trump
(2:12:01) - Martial Law and Elections
(2:24:21) - Corruption
(2:33:06) - Elon Musk
(2:37:10) - Trump Inauguration on Jan 20
(2:40:18) - Power dynamics in Ukraine
(2:43:50) - Future of Ukraine
(2:48:32) - Choice of language
(2:58:02) - Podcast prep and research process
(3:06:27) - Travel and setup
(3:12:13) - Conclusion
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3:13:16
#455 – Adam Frank: Alien Civilizations and the Search for Extraterrestrial Life
Adam Frank is an astrophysicist studying star systems and the search for extraterrestrial life and alien civilizations.
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Transcript:
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Adam's Books:
The Little Book of Aliens: https://amzn.to/3OTX1rP
Light of the Stars: https://amzn.to/4iMKC6C
The Blind Spot: https://amzn.to/4gOCe4K
The Constant Fire: https://amzn.to/3ZVnxX4
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) - Introduction
(14:22) - Planet formation
(19:32) - Plate tectonics
(26:54) - Extinction events
(31:04) - Biosphere
(34:02) - Technosphere
(38:17) - Emergence of intelligence
(44:29) - Drake equation
(48:43) - Exoplanets
(51:28) - Habitable zones
(54:30) - Fermi Paradox
(1:03:28) - Alien civilizations
(1:12:55) - Colonizing Mars
(1:25:11) - Search for aliens
(1:41:37) - Alien megastructures
(1:47:43) - Kardashev scale
(1:52:56) - Detecting aliens
(1:59:38) - Warp drives
(2:05:45) - Cryogenics
(2:09:03) - What aliens look like
(2:17:48) - Alien contact
(2:28:53) - UFO sightings
(2:40:38) - Physics of life
(3:06:29) - Nature of time
(3:22:53) - Cognition
(3:27:16) - Mortality
Saagar Enjeti is a political journalist & commentator, co-host of Breaking Points with Krystal and Saagar and The Realignment Podcast. He is exceptionally well-read, and the books he recommends are always fascinating and eye-opening. You can check out all the books he mentions in this episode here: https://lexfridman.com/saagar-books
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Saagar's Instagram: https://instagram.com/esaagar
Breaking Points: https://youtube.com/@breakingpoints
The Realignment Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/@therealignment
Saagar's Linktree: https://linktr.ee/esaagar
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) - Introduction
(09:47) - Why Trump won
(14:48) - Book recommendations
(18:24) - History of wokeism
(25:54) - History of Scots-Irish
(32:32) - Biden
(36:34) - FDR
(38:36) - George W Bush
(40:59) - LBJ
(46:15) - Cuban Missile Crisis
(53:48) - Immigration
(1:25:46) - DOGE
(1:52:27) - MAGA ideology
(1:55:39) - Bernie Sanders
(2:04:00) - Obama vs Trump
(2:21:00) - Nancy Pelosi
(2:24:14) - Kamala Harris
(2:40:00) - 2020 Election
(3:03:49) - Sam Harris
(3:14:55) - UFOs
(3:20:47) - Future of the Republican Party
(3:27:24) - Future of the Democratic Party
(3:35:21) - Hope
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3:39:55
#453 – Javier Milei: President of Argentina – Freedom, Economics, and Corruption
Javier Milei is the President of Argentina. This episode is available in both English and Spanish.
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Javier Milei's Instagram: https://instagram.com/javiermilei
Javier Milei's Facebook: https://facebook.com/JavierMileiEconomista
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) - Introduction
(14:44) - Economic freedom
(20:09) - Anarcho-capitalism
(30:02) - Presidency and reforms
(49:22) - Poverty
(55:54) - Corruption
(1:04:32) - Freedom
(1:18:43) - Elon Musk
(1:24:11) - DOGE
(1:26:13) - Donald Trump
(1:32:13) - US and Argentina relations
(1:39:22) - Messi vs Maradona
(1:48:16) - God
(1:50:22) - Elvis and Rolling Stones
(1:54:02) - Free market
(2:01:03) - Loyalty
(2:03:40) - Advice for young people
(2:05:06) - Hope for Argentina
PODCAST LINKS:
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2:08:34
#452 – Dario Amodei: Anthropic CEO on Claude, AGI & the Future of AI & Humanity
Dario Amodei is the CEO of Anthropic, the company that created Claude. Amanda Askell is an AI researcher working on Claude's character and personality. Chris Olah is an AI researcher working on mechanistic interpretability.
Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep452-sc
See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.
Transcript:
https://lexfridman.com/dario-amodei-transcript
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Claude: https://claude.ai
Anthropic's X: https://x.com/AnthropicAI
Anthropic's Website: https://anthropic.com
Dario's X: https://x.com/DarioAmodei
Dario's Website: https://darioamodei.com
Machines of Loving Grace (Essay): https://darioamodei.com/machines-of-loving-grace
Chris's X: https://x.com/ch402
Chris's Blog: https://colah.github.io
Amanda's X: https://x.com/AmandaAskell
Amanda's Website: https://askell.io
SPONSORS:
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) - Introduction
(10:19) - Scaling laws
(19:25) - Limits of LLM scaling
(27:51) - Competition with OpenAI, Google, xAI, Meta
(33:14) - Claude
(36:50) - Opus 3.5
(41:36) - Sonnet 3.5
(44:56) - Claude 4.0
(49:07) - Criticism of Claude
(1:01:54) - AI Safety Levels
(1:12:42) - ASL-3 and ASL-4
(1:16:46) - Computer use
(1:26:41) - Government regulation of AI
(1:45:30) - Hiring a great team
(1:54:19) - Post-training
(1:59:45) - Constitutional AI
(2:05:11) - Machines of Loving Grace
(2:24:17) - AGI timeline
(2:36:52) - Programming
(2:43:52) - Meaning of life
(2:49:58) - Amanda Askell - Philosophy
(2:52:26) - Programming advice for non-technical people
(2:56:15) - Talking to Claude
(3:12:47) - Prompt engineering
(3:21:21) - Post-training
(3:26:00) - Constitutional AI
(3:30:53) - System prompts
(3:37:00) - Is Claude getting dumber?
(3:49:02) - Character training
(3:50:01) - Nature of truth
(3:54:38) - Optimal rate of failure
(4:01:49) - AI consciousness
(4:16:20) - AGI
(4:24:58) - Chris Olah - Mechanistic Interpretability
(4:29:49) - Features, Circuits, Universality
(4:47:23) - Superposition
(4:58:22) - Monosemanticity
(5:05:14) - Scaling Monosemanticity
(5:14:02) - Macroscopic behavior of neural networks
(5:18:56) - Beauty of neural networks
Conversations about science, technology, history, philosophy and the nature of intelligence, consciousness, love, and power. Lex is an AI researcher at MIT and beyond.
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